At the heart of the coil machine are two coils, usually wrapped with copper wire, that create an electromagnetic field when electricity flows through them. When the machine is powered on, the current energizes the coils, causing the armature bar (the moving component) to attract toward the coils. This motion is what drives the needle up and down at a rapid rate, puncturing the skin with ink. The armature bar is connected to a spring that pulls it back into position once the current stops flowing, allowing for a rapid cycle of up-and-down movement.
Coil machines typically have two basic configurations: a liner and a shader. A liner machine is designed to deliver a higher, more precise needle movement, ideal for creating bold, clean outlines. The shader machine, on the other hand, is built to run at a slower speed and with a softer impact, which is better suited for filling in large areas or creating smooth gradients and shading effects.
